Microsoft Kernel Vs Linux Kernel VersionManaging EFI Boot Loaders for Linux: Dealing with Secure Boot. Originally written: 1. This Web page is provided free of charge and with no annoying. I did take time to prepare it, and Web hosting does. If you find this Web page useful, please consider making a. Thanks! Donate $1. Welcome to Our Community. While Linux.org has been around for a while, we recently changed management and had to purge most of the content (including users). Hello everyone, and welcome to the unofficial list of which OSes work and which don't in Microsoft Virtual PC 2004. I hope this site helps you! ![]() · Microsoft. The fiercely competitive software giant is positioning its wares for cloud computing with software and services. The company's two cash cows - operating. Linux and Windows Server are some of the top options for a modern server OS. Comparing Linux vs. Windows isn't easy, so two experts share the pros and cons of each. Microsoft Kernel Vs Linux Kernel PanicDonate $2. 5. 0Donate $5. Donate $1. 0. 0. 0Donate another value. This page is part of my Managing EFI Boot Loaders. Linux document. If a Web search has brought you to this page, you. In addition to implementing a new boot protocol, UEFI adds a new feature that can improve system security, but that also has the potential to cause a great deal of confusion and trouble: Secure Boot. As the name implies, Secure Boot is intended as a security feature. By its very nature, though, Secure Boot can also make it harder to boot Linux, particularly on commodity PCs that ship with Windows pre- installed. This page provides an overview of what Secure Boot is and how the Linux community is responding to it. Although Secure Boot is developing less rapidly than it was in late 2. I first wrote this page, it's still a dynamic area. In other words, things may have changed! For decades, PCs have been plagued by viruses, worms, and other malware. Some of the earliest viruses for PCs spread as boot sector viruses: They resided as code in the boot sectors of floppy disks and spread from one computer to another when users booted their computers using infected DOS floppies. Although other modes of virus transmission gained prominence as floppies faded in importance and Internet connections became common, pre- boot malware has always had its advantages to malware authors. By executing before an OS kernel gains control of the computer, malware can "hide out" in ways that aren't possible once an OS has taken over. Pre- boot malware can become invisible to the OS, making it virtually impossible for virus scanners to detect the malware—at least, not without rebooting into an emergency system that's not infected. BIOS provides few protections against infection by pre- boot malware; in the BIOS boot path, the OS implicitly trusts whatever executes as the boot loader. Until late 2. 01. EFI implementations, too. Secure Boot, though, is designed to add a layer of protection to the pre- boot process. With Secure Boot active, the firmware checks for the presence of a cryptographic signature on any EFI program that it executes. If the cryptographic signature is absent, doesn't correspond to a key held in the computer's NVRAM, or is blacklisted in the NVRAM, the firmware refuses to execute the program. Of course, this is simply the start of the process; a trusted EFI boot loader must continue the boot process in a secure fashion, leading ultimately to an OS that is itself secure. A malware author would need to get the malware signed, which would be difficult if users control their own system keys (in a secure way!). Thus, pre- boot malware can be blocked. There are a lot of ways for things to go wrong higher up the chain, but Secure Boot at least provides a foundation from which to secure the computer as a whole—at least, in theory! The description of Secure Boot in the UEFI specification doesn't provide any mechanism to create a web of trust for its keys. Based on the UEFI specification alone, one might think that Secure Boot would be implemented in a site- by- site fashion; administrators at a site could sign the boot loaders that they use, thus locking out malware authors. Microsoft, however, included a requirement in its Windows 8 certification program for desktop and laptop computers that vendors ship computers with Secure Boot enabled. As a practical matter, this means that vendors must include Microsoft's keys on their computers, and unless vendors include other keys, only boot loaders signed by Microsoft will work. Fortunately, things aren't quite as bad as this might seem. Microsoft has partnered with Verisign to manage boot loader signing. Anybody can pay $9. Verisign to obtain the means to sign an unlimited number of binaries such that they'll run using Microsoft's key—or more precisely, a key that Microsoft uses to sign third- party binaries. Microsoft uses another key to sign its own binaries.) Furthermore, Microsoft requires that x. Secure Boot, giving users control over the process. ARM users aren't so lucky; Microsoft requires that Secure Boot can not be disabled on ARM systems bearing a Windows 8 logo.) For those who are interested, this ALT Linux page describes the process of having Microsoft sign a binary in excruciating detail. The initial public discussion of these matters was sparked by a blog post by Matthew J. Garrett, then a Red Hat developer, in September of 2. Much of the initial discussion on Web forums and other public meeting places was downright panicky, and even a year later I saw occasional overwrought posts. By early 2. 01. 5, the hysteria had died down and had been replaced by a combination of frustration when users run into problems and real- world knowledge of workarounds and even ways to employ Secure Boot for your own benefit. As described on this page, there are at least three ways to deal with Secure Boot: disable it, use a pre- signed boot loader, or use your own keys. The last of these options is covered in much greater detail on the next page in this document, Controlling Secure Boot.)If you aren't convinced that Secure Boot will improve your system's security, or if it's simply causing you too many problems, you might want to disable the feature entirely. Given the fact that most malware targets Windows, this approach is most reasonable on computers that don't run Windows. You'll have to be comfortable navigating your firmware's setup screens to do this. Unfortunately, there's no standardization in where Secure Boot options might be located or what they might be called; therefore, I can't provide a procedure that will work for every computer. Instead, I describe the options on several computers I own that support Secure Boot: the ASRock FM2. A8. 8M Extreme. 4+ motherboard, the ASUS P8. H7. 7- I motherboard, the HP Elite. Desk 7. 05 mini- desktop computer, the Intel NUC DC5. Lenovo Idea. Pad U5. Touch laptop computer, the MSI A8. X- G4. 3 motherboard, and the Samsung Notebook 7 Spin laptop computer. I present details of all of these systems here in the hopes that one of them will be similar enough to whatever you're facing to be helpful. Most of these tools work in a similar way, despite significant differences in their graphics—you locate a menu (usually called Boot or Security) on which an option exists to enable or disable Secure Boot, and disable it. Sometimes another option must be set before this can be done, though; and sometimes names vary enough to create confusion. The first step to disabling Secure Boot on any computer is discovering how to enter the firmware setup utility. This motherboard, unlike some, presents a boot- time prompt to hit F1. Using the keyboard or mouse, you should select the Security tab, which produces the screen shown here: To disable Secure Boot, click the Enabled button near the middle of the screen. You'll then be able to select Enabled or Disabled; select the latter. Once this is done, select the Exit tab and choose the option to exit while saving your changes. The ASUS P8. H7. 7- I motherboard enables you to enter the setup utility by pressing Del or F2 during startup. The motherboard defaults to booting in what it calls EZ Mode, but to disable Secure Boot, you must first press F7 to enter Advanced Mode (unless of course you've already changed this default). That done, you can click the Boot tab and then scroll down to around the middle of the option list (which is likely to scroll—note the scroll bar in the screen shot), where you'll see an item called Secure Boot, as shown below. Early versions of this model's firmware called it Security Boot Parameters.). Selecting the Secure Boot option opens another menu, in which you select the OS Type—ASUS seems to think that Secure Boot is a Windows- only feature, so Secure Boot is enabled when the OS Type is set to Windows UEFI mode and disabled when it's set to Other OS. Earlier versions of this firmware used Other Legacy & UEFI to disable Secure Boot.)When you've made your changes, press the F1. The HP Elite. Desk 7. Secure Boot configuration systems I've seen—although I've heard of some that are more quirky, at least in their user interfaces.
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